diff --git a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/common/annotation/RateLimit.java b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/common/annotation/RateLimit.java
index 7039965e..e7e73424 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/common/annotation/RateLimit.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/common/annotation/RateLimit.java
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 package com.youlai.boot.common.annotation;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.*;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 /**
  * 接口限流
- * <p>标注在 Controller 方法上，基于 Redis 计数窗口实现</p>
+ * <p>标注在 Controller 方法上，基于 Redis 滑动窗口实现</p>
  *
  * @author Ray.Hao
  * @since 4.3.1
@@ -23,21 +22,9 @@ public @interface RateLimit {
     int limit() default 0;
 
     /**
-     * 滑动窗口大小。
+     * 滑动窗口大小（秒）。
      * <p>
-     * 单位由 {@link #timeUnit()} 决定；{@code <=0} 时使用全局默认值。
+     * {@code <=0} 时使用全局默认值 {@code rate-limit.default-window}。
      */
     int window() default 0;
-
-    /**
-     * 窗口单位，默认秒。
-     */
-    TimeUnit timeUnit() default TimeUnit.SECONDS;
-
-    /**
-     * 限流 Key 的分组标签，用于区分不同接口。
-     * <p>
-     * 默认 {@code api}。
-     */
-    String prefix() default "api";
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/cache/RedisConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/cache/RedisConfig.java
index 610380d9..8014f69f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/cache/RedisConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/cache/RedisConfig.java
@@ -24,12 +24,10 @@ public class RedisConfig {
      * 修改 Redis 序列化方式，默认 JdkSerializationRedisSerializer
      *
      * @param redisConnectionFactory {@link RedisConnectionFactory}
-     * @param jsonMapper            Jackson 序列化器（统一使用不写入类型信息的配置）
      * @return {@link RedisTemplate}
      */
     @Bean
-    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory,
-                                                        JsonMapper jsonMapper) {
+    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
 
         RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
         redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
@@ -38,7 +36,9 @@ public class RedisConfig {
         redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(RedisSerializer.string());
         redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(RedisSerializer.string());
 
-        // Value 使用自定义 JSON 序列化（不写入类型信息，避免 HashSet 等集合被序列化成带 @class 的结构）
+        JsonMapper jsonMapper = JsonMapper.builder()
+                .disable(DateTimeFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS)
+                .build();
         JacksonJsonRedisSerializer<Object> jsonSerializer = new JacksonJsonRedisSerializer<>(jsonMapper, Object.class);
 
         redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jsonSerializer);
@@ -48,17 +48,4 @@ public class RedisConfig {
         return redisTemplate;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 统一的 JsonMapper Bean
-     * <p>
-     * 禁止将日期序列化为时间戳；不写入类型信息，保证 Redis 存储的 JSON 纯净可读。
-     * 需要反序列化到特定类型时，调用方应使用 {@link JsonMapper#convertValue(Object, Class)} 显式转换。
-     */
-    @Bean
-    public JsonMapper jsonMapper() {
-        return JsonMapper.builder()
-                .disable(DateTimeFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS)
-                .build();
-    }
-
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/aspect/RateLimitAspect.java b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/aspect/RateLimitAspect.java
index 1e2b1367..31639b96 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/aspect/RateLimitAspect.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/aspect/RateLimitAspect.java
@@ -55,8 +55,9 @@ public class RateLimitAspect {
 
         String key = buildKey(request, rateLimit);
         int limit = rateLimit.limit() > 0 ? rateLimit.limit() : rateLimitProperties.getDefaultLimit();
-        int window = rateLimit.window() > 0 ? rateLimit.window() : rateLimitProperties.getDefaultWindowSeconds();
-        long windowMs = rateLimit.timeUnit().toMillis(window);
+        long windowMs = rateLimit.window() > 0
+                ? rateLimit.window() * 1000L
+                : rateLimitProperties.getDefaultWindow().toMillis();
 
         Long count = SlidingWindowScript.execute(redisTemplate, key, windowMs);
 
@@ -73,8 +74,7 @@ public class RateLimitAspect {
 
     private String buildKey(HttpServletRequest request, RateLimit rateLimit) {
         String user = resolveUser(request);
-        return StrUtil.format(RedisConstants.RateLimit.API,
-                rateLimit.prefix(), user, request.getRequestURI());
+        return StrUtil.format(RedisConstants.RateLimit.API, user, request.getRequestURI());
     }
 
     private String resolveUser(HttpServletRequest request) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/config/RateLimitProperties.java b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/config/RateLimitProperties.java
index 288d4410..72d8c5f4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/config/RateLimitProperties.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/config/RateLimitProperties.java
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ import lombok.Data;
 import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
+import java.time.Duration;
+
 /**
  * 限流配置
- * <p>
- * 对应 application.yml 中的 {@code rate-limit} 配置节点。
- * </p>
+ * <p>对应 application.yml 中的 {@code rate-limit} 配置节点。</p>
  *
  * @author Ray.Hao
  * @since 4.3.1
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ public class RateLimitProperties {
     private int defaultLimit = 5;
 
     /**
-     * @RateLimit 注解未显式指定 window 时的默认窗口大小（秒）
+     * @RateLimit 注解未显式指定 window 时的默认窗口大小，支持 60s / 1m / 500ms 等 Duration 写法
      */
-    private int defaultWindowSeconds = 60;
+    private Duration defaultWindow = Duration.ofSeconds(60);
 
     /**
      * IP 全局限流配置
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public class RateLimitProperties {
         private int limit = 1000;
 
         /**
-         * 窗口大小（秒，默认 60）
+         * 滑动窗口大小，支持 60s / 1m / 500ms 等 Duration 写法（默认 60s）
          */
-        private int windowSeconds = 60;
+        private Duration window = Duration.ofSeconds(60);
 
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/filter/IpRateLimitFilter.java b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/filter/IpRateLimitFilter.java
index bc1c66ea..b6d2b13f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/filter/IpRateLimitFilter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/framework/web/filter/IpRateLimitFilter.java
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public class IpRateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
 
         String ip = IPUtils.getIpAddr(request);
         String key = StrUtil.format(RedisConstants.RateLimit.IP, ip);
-        long windowMs = ipConfig.getWindowSeconds() * 1000L;
+        long windowMs = ipConfig.getWindow().toMillis();
 
         // 执行滑动窗口计数（Lua 原子操作）
         Long count = SlidingWindowScript.execute(redisTemplate, key, windowMs);
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public class IpRateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
 
         if (current > limit) {
             log.warn("IP 限流触发  ip={}  count={}  limit={}", ip, current, limit);
-            response.setHeader("Retry-After", String.valueOf(ipConfig.getWindowSeconds()));
+            response.setHeader("Retry-After", String.valueOf(ipConfig.getWindow().getSeconds()));
             ResponseWriter.writeError(response, ResultCode.REQUEST_CONCURRENCY_LIMIT_EXCEEDED);
             return;
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/system/controller/HealthController.java b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/system/controller/HealthController.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09b0652d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/youlai/boot/system/controller/HealthController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.youlai.boot.system.controller;
+
+import com.youlai.boot.common.result.Result;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+
+/**
+ * 系统健康检查接口，返回 ok。
+ * 不标注 @RateLimit，仅受 IP 全局限流层约束，用作该层的验证端点。
+ */
+@Tag(name = "00.系统健康检查")
+@RestController
+@RequestMapping("/api/v1/health")
+@Slf4j
+public class HealthController {
+
+    @Operation(summary = "健康检查", description = "返回 ok，供限流测试与探针使用")
+    @GetMapping
+    public Result<String> health() {
+        return Result.success("ok");
+    }
+}